Ok, so you followedthe handbook and completed your installation. Now
what? Well one of the last things the guide had you do was create a user.
Here is some info about the groups that you added your user to and some
others that are available. Note that some of these groups may not be
available until you install a certain package.>
disk - Direct access to disks
wheel - su (change to super user / root)
floppy - Direct access to floppies
audio - Access to audio devices
cdrom - Direct access to CD-ROM's (includes CD-RW and
DVD-ROM/RAM/RW)
video - Access to video capture hardware, hardware acceleration
games - Access to all games
usb - Use of USB devices
users - Standard group of users
apache - Allows write access to Apache files
mysql - Allows read/write access to MySQL files
plugdev - Allows user to mount and use pluggable devices such as
cameras and USB sticks
In order to add a user to any of these groups do the following:
Log in as root.
Type gpasswd -a usernamegroup
Then log the user out then back in againto have the changetake
effect.
Ok now that thats done lets update the portage database:
Log in as root
Type emerge --sync
You will probably betold that you need to update portage so type
emerge -av portageand select yes.
Now its time to get your base install upto date. So type emerge -avtDNu world,
this will spew up a long list of packages, review them and make sure that
the use flags are correct. If you installed by the manual youwill know what
I mean. If not go back and read the manual! Then select yes to run the
updates. This will probably take a few hours as it is going todownload all
of the files and compile them. I usually like to run this one right before I
go to bed at night and it is usually doneby morning.
When the updates are complete you will need to update theconfig files
that need changes. So type etc-update, this will probably spew up a list of
files that need changing and you need to go through each one individually.
This is one of those the more you do it the easier it gets kind of things. A
general rule to follow however is:
Always overwrite files in /etc/init.d/with the new versions. Sometimes
overwrite files in /etc/udev/or /etc/pam.d/, and Never overwrite files you
changed yourself.
Usually when dealing with these I tend to overwrite anythingI did not
change myself, thenI really have to lookat the files I did make changes to,
to make sure that the updates they are making are necessaryor not.
Sometimes they arejust comments. If they are necessary then run the
interactive merge option in etc-update.Otherwise just use overwrite or
replace.
Now we need to remove any of the old packages and dependences that are
no longer needed bythe system. Type emerge -av --depclean, make sure you
review the packagesbefore you type yesto make sure its not trying to
remove a package that you need.
Next thing to do is to install the gentoolkit. This package includes revdeprebuild which is a necessary tool to helpfix broken dependencies and
packages. Type emerge -av gentoolkitand select yes. Once the install is done
type revdep-rebuildand press enter. This will take a few mins and if all is
good it will just end, if not then it will recompile any necessary packages
which could take some time.
Once all this is completed reboot your PC by typing rebootat the
command prompt. Make note of those commands since they are the
commands you will use every time you want to update your Gentoo install.
To review:
emerge --sync
emerge -avtDNu world
etc-update
emerge -av --depclean
revdep-rebuild
You can also use thefollowing three comands before you use revdeprebuildto further check and clean your system:
eclean distfiles- Cleans out obsolete distfiles to free upspace
glsa-check -f affected- Checks installed packages to see if they have any
identified security risks and installs theappropriate updates.
wheel - su (change to super user / root)
floppy - Direct access to floppies
audio - Access to audio devices
cdrom - Direct access to CD-ROM's (includes CD-RW and
DVD-ROM/RAM/RW)
video - Access to video capture hardware, hardware acceleration
games - Access to all games
usb - Use of USB devices
users - Standard group of users
apache - Allows write access to Apache files
mysql - Allows read/write access to MySQL files
plugdev - Allows user to mount and use pluggable devices such as
cameras and USB sticks
In order to add a user to any of these groups do the following:
Log in as root.
Type gpasswd -a usernamegroup
Then log the user out then back in againto have the changetake
effect.
Ok now that thats done lets update the portage database:
Log in as root
Type emerge --sync
You will probably betold that you need to update portage so type
emerge -av portageand select yes.
Now its time to get your base install upto date. So type emerge -avtDNu world,
this will spew up a long list of packages, review them and make sure that
the use flags are correct. If you installed by the manual youwill know what
I mean. If not go back and read the manual! Then select yes to run the
updates. This will probably take a few hours as it is going todownload all
of the files and compile them. I usually like to run this one right before I
go to bed at night and it is usually doneby morning.
When the updates are complete you will need to update theconfig files
that need changes. So type etc-update, this will probably spew up a list of
files that need changing and you need to go through each one individually.
This is one of those the more you do it the easier it gets kind of things. A
general rule to follow however is:
Always overwrite files in /etc/init.d/with the new versions. Sometimes
overwrite files in /etc/udev/or /etc/pam.d/, and Never overwrite files you
changed yourself.
Usually when dealing with these I tend to overwrite anythingI did not
change myself, thenI really have to lookat the files I did make changes to,
to make sure that the updates they are making are necessaryor not.
Sometimes they arejust comments. If they are necessary then run the
interactive merge option in etc-update.Otherwise just use overwrite or
replace.
Now we need to remove any of the old packages and dependences that are
no longer needed bythe system. Type emerge -av --depclean, make sure you
review the packagesbefore you type yesto make sure its not trying to
remove a package that you need.
Next thing to do is to install the gentoolkit. This package includes revdeprebuild which is a necessary tool to helpfix broken dependencies and
packages. Type emerge -av gentoolkitand select yes. Once the install is done
type revdep-rebuildand press enter. This will take a few mins and if all is
good it will just end, if not then it will recompile any necessary packages
which could take some time.
Once all this is completed reboot your PC by typing rebootat the
command prompt. Make note of those commands since they are the
commands you will use every time you want to update your Gentoo install.
To review:
emerge --sync
emerge -avtDNu world
etc-update
emerge -av --depclean
revdep-rebuild
You can also use thefollowing three comands before you use revdeprebuildto further check and clean your system:
eclean distfiles- Cleans out obsolete distfiles to free upspace
glsa-check -f affected- Checks installed packages to see if they have any
identified security risks and installs theappropriate updates.
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